Campylobacter ureolyticus

(aka Bacteroides ureolyticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Campylobacter ureolyticus, (aka Bacteroides ureolyticus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 28-30%. Campylobacter ureolyticus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Vandamme2010; Liu2018a)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood, vagina, placenta - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vandamme2010);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • casein;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5-2.0% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 1.5% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 37℃; strain-variable at 42(d);
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • formate; fumarate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • oxidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Vandamme2010);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha (strain dependent)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Vandamme2010); (Johnson1986a); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2006c); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; carbenicillin; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoperazone; cefotaxime; ceftazidime; cephalothin; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; nalidixic-acid; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; colistin; polymyxin B; telithromycin;
  • daptomycin; linezolid;

  • Benno, Y., Endo, K., Mizutani, T., Namba, Y., Komori, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1989). Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(5), 1100–1105.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Epsilonproteobacteria Order:  Campylobacterales Family:  Campylobacteraceae Genus:  Campylobacter Alt. name:  Bacteroides ureolyticus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (blood, vagina, placenta - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  28-30
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  42(d)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5-2.0(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  1.5(neg)
    		Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  d(neg) DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Formate:  + Fumarate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  d Urease:  + AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    Acetate, Succinate

    		Succinate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.25)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.25)
    carbenicil:  S(32)
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06->128)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->128)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–16)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015–0.06)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    cefoperazone:  S(64)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.015–0.25)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    ceftazidime:  SensRNG: (0.06-4)
    cephalothin:  S(32)
    moxalactam:  SensRNG: (0.125-2)
    gentamicin:  S(2)
    kanamycin:  SensRNG: (0.5-1)
    neomycin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    streptomycin:  S(0.5)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    roxithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1–32)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–8)
    linezolid:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2–>32)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03->8)
    nalidixic-acid:  Var(MIC50): 32), MIC90: Var(32, S(32)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12-8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.015–4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    minocycline:  S(≤0.25)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)
    bacitracin:  R(128)
    rifampicin:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)
    colistin:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-0.5)
    polymyxin_B:  S(≤0.25)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER UREOLYTICUS
  • Vandamme2010 - Reclassification of Bacteroides ureolyticus as Campylobacter ureolyticus comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Campylobacter.
  • Liu2018a - The Clinical Importance of Campylobacter concisus and Other Human Hosted Campylobacter Species.
  • Johnson1986a - In vitro activities of 17 antimicrobial agents against the formate/fumarate-requiring, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Vandamme1995a - Chemotaxonomic Analyses of Bacteroides gracilis and Bacteroides ureolyticus and Reclassification of B. gracilis as Campylobacter gracilis comb. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER UREOLYTICUS
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: April 08, 2021