Capnocytophaga granulosa

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Capnocytophaga granulosa is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gliding, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 41.7%. Capnocytophaga granulosa is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Leadbetter1979; Yamamoto1994; Holt2010Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and human dental plaque. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Leadbetter1979); (Yamamoto1994); (Holt2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 10% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; starch; lactose; maltose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; γ-Glu transferase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; leucine aminopeptidase; lysine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Leadbetter1979); (Yamamoto1994); (Holt2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow, orange
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Holt2010Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefoxitin; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • colistin;

  • Bik, E. M., Eckburg, P. B., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., Purdom, E. A., Francois, F., Perez-Perez, G., Blaser, M. J., & Relman, D. A. (2006). Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(3), 732–737.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Flavobacteriia Order:  Flavobacteriales Family:  Flavobacteriaceae Genus:  Capnocytophaga Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Gliding Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow, orange
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and human dental plaque
    DNA G+C(%):  41.7
    Bile reaction(%):  10(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  vr Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Cellulose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  + LeuAP:  + LysAP:  + OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  vr Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Succinate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow, orange
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    carbenicil:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5-2)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.78-25)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    cefaclor:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-8)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    cefamandole:  S(MIC50): 0.78, MIC90: 3.12, RNG: (0.2-25)
    cefazolin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 50, RNG: (0.78-50)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.39, MIC90: 1.56, RNG: (0.2-6.25)
    cephalothin:  Var(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 25, RNG: (1.56-50)
    moxalactam:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125-8)
    amikacin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (12.5-50)
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (25-50)
    kanamycin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (128->128)
    tobramycin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (>50)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (32->128)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 3.25, MIC90: 12, RNG: (0.2-50)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 0.39, MIC90: 6.25, RNG: (0.2-6.25)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    colistin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (64->128)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA GRANULOSA
  • Leadbetter1979 - Capnocytophaga: New genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria I. General characteristics, taxonomic considerations and significance.
  • Yamamoto1994 - Capnocytophaga haemolytica sp. nov. and Capnocytophaga granulosa sp. nov., from Human Dental Plaque.
  • Holt2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Flavobacteriaceae, Genus VIII. Capnocytophaga
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA GRANULOSA
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA GRANULOSA
  • Vandamme1996 - Polyphasic Analysis of Strains of the Genus Capnocytophaga and Centers for Disease Control Group DF-3.
  • Vandamme1996a - Bordetella trematum sp. nov., isolated from wounds and ear infections in humans, and reassessment of Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983.
  • Vandamme1996b - Polyphasic analysis of strains of the genus Capnocytophaga and Centers for Disease Control group DF-3.
  • Vandamme1996c - Taxonomic study of lancefield streptococcal groups C, G, and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov.
    • Added: April 08, 2021