Capnocytophaga ochracea

(aka Bacteroides ochraceus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Capnocytophaga ochracea, (aka Bacteroides ochraceus), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, gliding, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38-39%. Capnocytophaga ochracea is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Ito2016; Leadbetter1979; Holt2010Bergey; Kristiansen1984)



  • This organism has been recovered from dental disease and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ito2016); (Leadbetter1979); (Holt2010Bergey); (Kristiansen1984);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; inulin; starch; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; cystine arylamidase; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; leucine aminopeptidase; lipase; Val arylamidase; valine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Ito2016); (Leadbetter1979); (Holt2010Bergey); (Kristiansen1984);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (minor); succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • present but weak
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced by few strains
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ±
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • strain dependent
  • Pigments:
  • yellow, orange
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Ito2016); (Holt2010Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; carbenicillin; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefoxitin; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin;
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • colistin;
  • NOTES

    Produces cystine aminopeptidase, an enzyme that seems to be common to the Capnocytophaga genus (Bergey's manual).

  • Frank, D. N., St Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., & Pace, N. R. (2007). Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(34), 13780–13785.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Flavobacteriia Order:  Flavobacteriales Family:  Flavobacteriaceae Genus:  Capnocytophaga Alt. name:  Bacteroides ochraceus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Gliding Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow, orange
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  dental disease and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38-39
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    		Aesculin:  d Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + DNA:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  d(+) Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  d(+) Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  d(+) Glycogen:  d(+) Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  ferm Mannose:  ferm Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  ferm Maltose:  ferm Raffinose:  ferm Sucrose:  neg Amygdalin:  ferm Glycogen:  ferm Inulin:  ferm
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  w α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  w β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg Chymotrypsin:  w γ-Glu transf.:  neg GluDC:  neg LeuAP:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg ValAP:  + AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + CystineAA:  + GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg Phosphoamidase:  w
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow, orange
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(0.5)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.25)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    amp-sulb:  Sens
    carbenicil:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5-2)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.78-25)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    meropenem:  S(<0.12)
    cefaclor:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-8)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    cefamandole:  S(MIC50): 0.78, MIC90: 3.12, RNG: (0.2-25)
    cefazolin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 50, RNG: (0.78-50)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.39, MIC90: 1.56, RNG: (0.2-6.25)
    cephalothin:  Var(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 25, RNG: (1.56-50)
    moxalactam:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125-8)
    amikacin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (12.5-50)
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (25-50)
    kanamycin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (128->128)
    tobramycin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (>50)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): <2), MIC90: Var(<2
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (32->128)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.5)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-4)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 3.25, MIC90: 12, RNG: (0.2-50)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 0.39, MIC90: 6.25, RNG: (0.2-6.25)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    SXT:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    colistin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (64->128)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA OCHRACEA
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Ito2016 - Capnocytophaga ochracea-related Bacterium Bacteremia in a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patient without Neutropenia.
  • Leadbetter1979 - Capnocytophaga: New genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria I. General characteristics, taxonomic considerations and significance.
  • Holt2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Flavobacteriaceae, Genus VIII. Capnocytophaga
  • Kristiansen1984 - Rapid identification of Capnocytophaga isolated from septicemic patients.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA OCHRACEA
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA OCHRACEA
  • Vandamme1996 - Polyphasic Analysis of Strains of the Genus Capnocytophaga and Centers for Disease Control Group DF-3.
  • Vandamme1996a - Bordetella trematum sp. nov., isolated from wounds and ear infections in humans, and reassessment of Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983.
  • Vandamme1996b - Polyphasic analysis of strains of the genus Capnocytophaga and Centers for Disease Control group DF-3.
  • Vandamme1996c - Taxonomic study of lancefield streptococcal groups C, G, and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov.
    • Added: April 08, 2021