Capnocytophaga sputigena

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Capnocytophaga sputigena is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gliding, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38-40%. Capnocytophaga sputigena is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Leadbetter1979; Holt2010Bergey; Kristiansen1984)



  • This organism has been recovered from dental disease, clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Leadbetter1979); (Holt2010Bergey); (Kristiansen1984);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; DNA; gelatin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; inulin; starch; maltose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; chymotrypsin; cystine arylamidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; leucine aminopeptidase; phosphoamidase; Val arylamidase; valine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Leadbetter1979); (Holt2010Bergey); (Kristiansen1984);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (minor); succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow, orange
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Kim2014); (Holt2010Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; carbenicillin; imipenem; penicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefoxitin; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • colistin;
  • NOTES

    Produces cystine aminopeptidase, an enzyme that seems to be common to the Capnocytophaga genus (Bergey's manual).

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Flavobacteriia Order:  Flavobacteriales Family:  Flavobacteriaceae Genus:  Capnocytophaga Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Gliding Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow, orange
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  dental disease, clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38-40
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    		Aesculin:  d(+) Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + DNA:  + Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  d(+) Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  vr Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Starch:  + D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + γ-Glu transf.:  vr LeuAP:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg ValAP:  + AlaPheProAA:  + CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase:  vr Lipase(C14):  neg Phosphoamidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow, orange
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(1)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    carbenicil:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5-2)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.78-25)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefaclor:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-8)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (1-128)
    cefamandole:  S(MIC50): 0.78, MIC90: 3.12, RNG: (0.2-25)
    cefazolin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 50, RNG: (0.78-50)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.39, MIC90: 1.56, RNG: (0.2-6.25)
    cephalothin:  Var(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 25, RNG: (1.56-50)
    moxalactam:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125-8)
    amikacin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (12.5-50)
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (25-50)
    kanamycin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (128->128)
    tobramycin:  R(MIC50): <50, MIC90: >50, RNG: (>50)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.78, RNG: (0.2-50)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (32->128)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.5)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.78, RNG: (0.2-1.56)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 3.25, MIC90: 12, RNG: (0.2-50)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 0.39, MIC90: 6.25, RNG: (0.2-6.25)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-8)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.2, MIC90: 0.2, RNG: (0.2-0.39)
    colistin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (64->128)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA SPUTIGENA
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Kim2014 - Capnocytophaga sputigena Bacteremia in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
  • Leadbetter1979 - Capnocytophaga: New genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria I. General characteristics, taxonomic considerations and significance.
  • Holt2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Flavobacteriaceae, Genus VIII. Capnocytophaga
  • Kristiansen1984 - Rapid identification of Capnocytophaga isolated from septicemic patients.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA SPUTIGENA
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CAPNOCYTOPHAGA SPUTIGENA
  • Vandamme1996 - Polyphasic Analysis of Strains of the Genus Capnocytophaga and Centers for Disease Control Group DF-3.
  • Vandamme1996a - Bordetella trematum sp. nov., isolated from wounds and ear infections in humans, and reassessment of Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983.
  • Vandamme1996b - Polyphasic analysis of strains of the genus Capnocytophaga and Centers for Disease Control group DF-3.
  • Vandamme1996c - Taxonomic study of lancefield streptococcal groups C, G, and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov.
    • Added: April 08, 2021