Cardiobacterium hominis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Cardiobacterium hominis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, pleiomorphic bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 59-60%. Cardiobacterium hominis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Slotnick1964; Dewhirst2005)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, nasal cavity and clinical specimens (blood - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Slotnick1964); (Dewhirst2005);
    Character Response
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.0-7.2.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 22℃; doesn't grow at 42℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; maltose; mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arginine; glutamate; glycine; histidine; leucine; proline; threonine; tyrosine; valine; glutamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • γ-Glu transferase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Slotnick1964); (Dewhirst2005);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); propionate (minor); lactate (major); H₂S; pyruvate (minor); indole (weak);
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Dewhirst2005);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Cardiobacteriales Family:  Cardiobacteriaceae Genus:  Cardiobacterium Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Pleiomorphic
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, nasal cavity and clinical specimens (blood - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  59-60
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  22(neg)
    High T(℃):  42(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-7.2
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Milk:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arg:  + Glu:  + Gly:  + His:  + Leu:  + Pro:  + Thr:  + Tyr:  + Val:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  + OrnDC:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Propionate:  minor(+) Lactate:  Major(+) H2S:  + Pyruvate:  minor(+) Indole:  w
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(<2)
    carbenicil:  S(<2)
    penicillin:  S(<2)
    cephalothin:  S(<2)
    gentamicin:  S(<2)
    kanamycin:  S(<2)
    streptomycin:  S(<2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(<2)
    chloramphenicol:  S(<2)
    colistin:  S(<2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS
  • Slotnick1964 - Further Characterization of an Unclassified Group of Bacteria Causing Endocarditis in Man: Cardiobacterium Hominis gen. et sp. n.
  • Dewhirst2005 - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Cardiobacterales, Genus I. Cardiobacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: December 15, 2021