Carnobacterium divergens

(aka Lactobacillus divergens)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Carnobacterium divergens, (aka Lactobacillus divergens), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 33.0-36.4%. Carnobacterium divergens is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Holzapfel1983; Collins1987b)



  • This organism has been recovered from vacuum-packaged meats. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holzapfel1983); (Collins1987b);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 8% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 0℃; grows at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; gluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose; melezitose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holzapfel1983); (Collins1987b);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (major); ethanol;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Carnobacteriaceae Genus:  Carnobacterium Alt. name:  Lactobacillus divergens Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  vacuum-packaged meats
    DNA G+C(%):  33.0-36.4
    Low T(℃):  0(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl >6%:  8(neg)
    		Aesculin:  w Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  d(neg) Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Acetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + ArgDH:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg TrpAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  Major(+) Ethanol:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CARNOBACTERIUM DIVERGENS
  • Holzapfel1983 - Lactobacillus divergens sp. nov., a New Heterofermentative Lactobacillus Species Producing L(+)-Lactate.
  • Collins1987b - Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and Some Catalase-Negative, Asporogenous, Rod-Shaped Bacteria from Poultry in a New Genus, Carnobacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CARNOBACTERIUM DIVERGENS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022