Carnobacterium inhibens

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Carnobacterium inhibens is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 35.1%. Carnobacterium inhibens is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Joborn1999; Nicholson2015)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (plasma, pus) and salmon. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have mixed consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Joborn1999); (Nicholson2015);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 6% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; doesn't tolerate pH 8; tolerates pH 9;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; aesculin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • galactose; gentiobiose; mannitol; pectin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Joborn1999); (Nicholson2015);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Joborn1999); (Nicholson2015);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Carnobacteriaceae Genus:  Carnobacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Mixed
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (plasma, pus) and salmon
    DNA G+C(%):  35.1
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  8(neg)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  w Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  w Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Pectin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  neg Glu:  neg His:  neg Ser:  neg Acetate:  neg Citrate:  neg Formate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg L-Malate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  pseudo(+) Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    gentamicin:  S(30; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    neomycin:  S(30; disc)
    erythromycin:  S(15; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    rifampicin:  S(5; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CARNOBACTERIUM INHIBENS
  • Joborn1999 - Carnobacterium inhibens sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
  • Nicholson2015 - Proposal to rename Carnobacterium inhibens as Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens subsp. nov. and description of Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. gilichinskyi subsp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Siberian permafrost.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CARNOBACTERIUM INHIBENS
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • Added: December 15, 2021