Carnobacterium maltaromaticum

(aka Lactobacillus piscicola)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, (aka Lactobacillus piscicola), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 33.7-36.4%. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Miller1974; Diego2003; Shaw1985; Collins1987b; Hiu1984)



  • This organism has been recovered from buttermilk. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Produces 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylpropanol, 3-methylbutanal, and 3-methylbutanol from skim milk. These compounds are probably responsible for a malt smell produced.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Miller1974); (Diego2003); (Shaw1985); (Collins1987b); (Hiu1984);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine; DNA;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 7℃; grows at 32℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 25-32℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; aesculin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; methyl mannoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • DNase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Miller1974); (Diego2003); (Shaw1985); (Collins1987b); (Hiu1984);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Carnobacteriaceae Genus:  Carnobacterium Alt. name:  Lactobacillus piscicola Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  buttermilk
    DNA G+C(%):  33.7-36.4
    Opt. T:  25-32℃
    Low T(℃):  7(+)
    Mid T(℃):  32(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Arginine:  + DNA:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  w Me-α-D-Mann:  + Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg DNAse:  +

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CARNOBACTERIUM MALTAROMATICUM
  • Miller1974 - Lactobacillus maltaromicus, a New Species Producing a Malty Aroma
  • Diego2003 - Reclassification of Lactobacillus maltaromicus (Miller et al. 1974) DSM 20342T and DSM 20344 and Carnobacterium piscicola (Collins et al. 1987) DSM 20730T and DSM 20722 as Carnobacterium maltaromaticum comb. nov.
  • Shaw1985 - Atypical Lactobacilli from Vacuum-Packaged Meats: Comparison by DNA Hybridization, Cell Composition and Biochemical Tests with a Description of Lactobacillus carnis sp. nov.
  • Collins1987b - Classification of Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus piscicola, and Some Catalase-Negative, Asporogenous, Rod-Shaped Bacteria from Poultry in a New Genus, Carnobacterium
  • Hiu1984 - Lactobacillus piscicola, a New Species from Salmonid Fish
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CARNOBACTERIUM MALTAROMATICUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022