Chromohalobacter japonicus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Chromohalobacter japonicus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 62.9%. Chromohalobacter japonicus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (SanchezPorro2007)



  • This organism has been recovered from Japanese salty food. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Requires at least 5% salt to grow, so unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (SanchezPorro2007);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5% salt; tolerates 25% salt; Grows optimally with 7.5-12.5% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; tolerates pH 9.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 42℃; Grows optimally at 28-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; xylose; cellubiose; maltose; sucrose; adonitol; D-arabitol; inositol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; mannitol; rhamnose; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; proline; serine; threonine; aconitate; citrate; 2-ketoglutarate; DL-lactate; psicose; palatinose; glutamine; L-asparagine; pyroglutamate; succinamate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Asp arylamidase; catalase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (SanchezPorro2007);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (SanchezPorro2007);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin; rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin; polymyxin B;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Oceanospirillales Family:  Halomonadaceae Genus:  Chromohalobacter Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  Japanese salty food
    DNA G+C(%):  62.9
    Opt. T:  28-37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  25(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-8.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    pH >8:  9.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  40(neg) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  + D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dextrin:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  neg D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Asp:  + Glu:  + His:  + Leu:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Thr:  + Acetate:  neg Aconitate:  cis(+) Citrate:  + Formate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg Itaconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Malonate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  neg Sebacate:  neg Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + AspAA:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  R(10U)
    cephalothin:  R(30; disc)
    kanamycin:  R(30; disc)
    neomycin:  R(10; disc)
    streptomycin:  R(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  R(15; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  R(30; disc)
    bacitracin:  R(10U)
    rifampicin:  R(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  R(30; disc)
    SXT:  S(25; disc)
    novobiocin:  R(30; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  R(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CHROMOHALOBACTER JAPONICUS
  • SanchezPorro2007 - Chromohalobacter japonicus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a Japanese salty food.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CHROMOHALOBACTER JAPONICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022