Citrobacter europaeus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Citrobacter europaeus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 52.0%. Citrobacter europaeus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Ribeiro2017)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Ribeiro2017). Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ribeiro2017);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5% salt; tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 10;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; fucose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; sorbose; xylose; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; trehalose; dulcitol; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; gluconate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; sorbitol; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; fumarate; 2-ketogluconate; malate; L-malate; mucate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Ribeiro2017);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefuroxime;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Citrobacter Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Ribeiro2017)
    DNA G+C(%):  52.0
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  10(+)
    		Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Trehalose:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Gluconate:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  + Arg:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  neg Lys:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + Malate:  + L-Malate:  + Mucate:  + Quinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    cefuroxime:  R(8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CITROBACTER EUROPAEUS
  • Ribeiro2017 - Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov., isolated from water and human faecal samples.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CITROBACTER EUROPAEUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • ...............................
    • Added: July 12, 2021