Clostridium botulinum Gp I

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium botulinum Gp I is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped - curved bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 26-28%. Clostridium botulinum Gp I is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human gut, soil, food and animal intestines. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Known to cause illness. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • Causes illness; unlikely to be a coloniser of a healthy microbiome.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • meat; milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 8.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 25℃; grows at 35℃; strain-variable at 45(d); Grows optimally at 30-40℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arginine; glycine; phenylalanine; serine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • inositol; maltose; mannose; ribose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; haemagglutinin; lipase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • lecithinase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (major); propionate (trace); butyrate (major); lactate (minor); valerate (trace); isobutyrate; ethanolminor; butanolminor; succinate (minor); isovalerate; H₂S; H₂; indole (strain-dependent);
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • N/A

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod - curved
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human gut, soil, food and animal intestines
    DNA G+C(%):  26-28
    Opt. T:  30-40℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    pH >8:  8.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Milk:  curdle Meat:  d
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Mannose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w(neg) Galactose:  w(neg) Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  w(neg) Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  d Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Arg:  + Gly:  + Phe:  + Ser:  + Trp:  + Tyr:  + Val:  + Lactate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Haemaggl.:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  d Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  Major(+) Propionate:  trace(+) Butyrate:  Major(+) Lactate:  minor(+) Valerate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  + Ethanol:  minor Butanol:  minor Succinate:  minor(+) Isovalerate:  + H2S:  + H2:  + Indole:  (d)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM GP I
  • Bouvet2013 - An Atypical Clostridium Strain Related to the Clostridium botulinum Group III Strain Isolated from a Human Blood Culture.
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM GP I
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM GP I
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: February 08, 2021