Clostridium botulinum Gp II

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium botulinum Gp II is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 27-29%. Clostridium botulinum Gp II is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, soil, marine, and animals. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • Causes illness; unlikely to be a coloniser of a healthy microbiome.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 8.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 25-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • galactose; melezitose; ribose; sorbitol; starch;
  • Active enzymes:
  • lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (major); butyrate (major); Hâ‚‚ (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces, soil, marine, and animals
    DNA G+C(%):  27-29
    Opt. T:  25-37℃
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    pH >8:  8.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  d Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w Galactose:  d Mannose:  w Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  w Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  w Amygdalin:  w(neg) Glycogen:  w(neg) Inositol:  w Inulin:  w(neg) Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  d Starch:  d Thr:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  Major(+) Butyrate:  Major(+) H2:  Major(+) Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM GP II
  • Bouvet2013 - An Atypical Clostridium Strain Related to the Clostridium botulinum Group III Strain Isolated from a Human Blood Culture.
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM GP II
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM GP II
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: July 26, 2021