Clostridium cocleatum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium cocleatum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, corkscrew-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 28-29%. Clostridium cocleatum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kaneuchi1979; Rainey2011jBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kaneuchi1979); (Rainey2011jBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; milk; mucin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 30℃; Grows optimally at 37-45℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; aesculin; inulin; cellubiose; lactose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • amygdalin; melibiose; raffinose; trehalose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; fructose; galactose; inulin; lactose; mannose; sucrose; pyruvate; mucin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • amygdalin; maltose; raffinose; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-glucuronidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kaneuchi1979); (Rainey2011jBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • propionate; butyrate; lactate; valerate; isobutyrate; succinate; isovalerate; H₂S; ammonia; indole;
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent

  • Kaneuchi, C., Miyazato, T., Shinjo, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1979). Taxonomic Study of Helically Coiled, Sporeforming Anaerobes Isolated from the Intestines of Humans and Other Animals: Clostridium cocleatum sp. nov. and Clostridium spiroforme sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 29(1), 1–12.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Corkscrew
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  28-29
    Opt. T:  37-45℃
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Milk:  + Meat:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d Amygdalin:  d Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Starch:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  d Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  d Dextrin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  w(+) Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  d Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Thr:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  d(neg) GluDC:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Propionate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Lactate:  neg Valerate:  neg Isobutyrate:  neg Succinate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg H2S:  neg Ammonia:  neg H2:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM COCLEATUM
  • Kaneuchi1979 - Taxonomic Study of Helically Coiled, Sporeforming Anaerobes Isolated from the Intestines of Humans and Other Animals: Clostridium cocleatum sp. nov. and Clostridium spiroforme sp. nov.
  • Rainey2011jBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XVIII
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Kassinen2007 - The fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients differs significantly from that of healthy subjects
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM COCLEATUM
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM COCLEATUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
  • Derrien2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Lentisphaerae. Family Victivallaceae, Genus I. Victivallis
  • Derrien2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Verrucomicrobia. Family Akkermansiaceae, Genus I. Akkermansia
  • Derrien2010 - Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human oral cavity and digestive tract.
    • Added: April 08, 2021