Clostridium combesii

(aka Eubacterium combesii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium combesii, (aka Eubacterium combesii), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, variably-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 28.1%. Clostridium combesii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Bernard2018; Rainey2011cBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from infections and soil, Africa. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bernard2018); (Rainey2011cBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • meat; milk;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bernard2018); (Rainey2011cBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; lactate; isobutyrate; ethanol; propanol; butanol; isovalerate; H₂S (most strains); ammonia;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Rainey2011cBergey); (Citron2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Alt. name:  Eubacterium combesii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  vr Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  infections and soil, Africa
    DNA G+C(%):  28.1
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    		Aesculin:  d(+) Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Milk:  curdle Meat:  d(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Glucose:  w Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  w Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  + Isobutyrate:  + Ethanol:  + Propanol:  + Butanol:  + Isovalerate:  + H2S:  d(+) Ammonia:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–1)
    penicillin_G:  S(2U)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(6)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–2)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03->128)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM COMBESII
  • Bernard2018 - Clostridium neonatale sp. nov. linked to necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and a clarification of species assignable to the genus Clostridium (Prazmowski 1880) emend. Lawson and Rainey 2016.
  • Rainey2011cBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster III
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM COMBESII
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
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    • Added: March 18, 2022