Clostridium herbivorans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium herbivorans is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38%. Clostridium herbivorans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Varel1995)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and pig intestine. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Varel1995);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6.8-7.2.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 39-42℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • cellulose; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; maltose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; cellulose; glycogen; maltose; starch;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Varel1995);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; butyrate; ethanolminor; Hâ‚‚ (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced

  • Nam, Y.-D., Chang, H.-W., Kim, K.-H., Roh, S. W., Kim, M.-S., Jung, M.-J., Lee, S.-W., Kim, J.-Y., Yoon, J.-H., & Bae, J.-W. (2008). Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people. The Journal of Microbiology, 46(5), 491–501.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and pig intestine
    DNA G+C(%):  38
    Opt. T:  39-42℃
    Opt. pH:  6.8-7.2
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  d Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Cellubiose:  + Maltose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Cellulose:  + Glycogen:  + Starch:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Cellulose:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycogen:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Pectin:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  + Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Butyrate:  + Ethanol:  minor H2:  minor(+) Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM HERBIVORANS
  • Varel1995 - Clostridium herbivorans sp. nov., a Cellulolytic Anaerobe from the Pig Intestine.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM HERBIVORANS
  • Nam2008a - Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM HERBIVORANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021