Clostridium hylemonae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium hylemonae is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped - curved bacterium. It has been detected in at least 10 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 48.6%. Clostridium hylemonae is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Kitahara2000; Rainey2011gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kitahara2000); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.6.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kitahara2000); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; butyrate; isobutyrate; isovalerate; H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2014); (Goldstein2006);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Kitahara, M., Takamine, F., Imamura, T., & Benno, Y. (2000). Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 50 Pt 3(3), 971–978.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod - curved
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  48.6
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Opt. pH:  7.6
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  vr Fructose:  vr Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  vr Xylose:  vr Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  vr Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Butyrate:  + Isobutyrate:  + Isovalerate:  + H2S:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.06–128)
    fidaxomicin:  S(0.25)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–>16)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM HYLEMONAE
  • Kitahara2000 - Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.
  • Rainey2011gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIVa
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM HYLEMONAE
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM HYLEMONAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021