Clostridium kluyveri

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium kluyveri is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 30%. Clostridium kluyveri is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from fresh water, marine muds and decaying plants. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Caproate produced but doesn't attack carbohydrates. Prefers yeast autolysate and ethanol.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 19℃; grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 34℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • acetate; butyrate; propionate; 4-aminobenzoate; CO2 consumed;
  • Active enzymes:
  • urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rainey2011aBergey); (Barker1942);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • butyrate; caproate; ammoniaminor; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  fresh water, marine muds and decaying plants
    DNA G+C(%):  30
    Opt. T:  34℃
    Low T(℃):  19(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Thr:  neg Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + Lactate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Butyrate:  + Caproate:  + Ammonia:  minor H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM KLUYVERI
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • Barker1942 - Clostridium kluyverii, an Organism Concerned in the Formation of Caproic Acid from Ethyl Alcohol.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM KLUYVERI
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • ...............................
    • Added: March 18, 2022