Clostridium leptum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium leptum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped - curved bacterium. It has been detected in at least 26 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 51-52%. Clostridium leptum is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Moore1976; Rainey2011dBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Moore1976); (Rainey2011dBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • meat;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Moore1976); (Rainey2011dBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate (minor); succinate (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Citron2012); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid;

  • Moore, W. E. C., Johnson, J. L., & Holdeman, L. V. (1976). Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. Nov. And ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 26(2), 238–252.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod - curved
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  51-52
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  d Meat:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Galactose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inulin:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  minor(+) H2:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03->128)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03->32)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03-2)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06–64)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06-8)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03-2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM LEPTUM
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Moore1976 - Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and Descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and Ten New Species in the Genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus.
  • Rainey2011dBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster IV
  • Ridlon2006 - Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
  • Bervoets2013 - Differences in gut microbiota composition between obese and lean children: a cross-sectional study
  • Chen2019 - The alteration of gut microbiota in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
  • Dong2020a - The Association of Gut Microbiota With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty in Girls
  • Finegold2010 - Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children
  • Hasegawa2015 - Intestinal Dysbiosis and Lowered Serum Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein in Parkinson's Disease
  • Joly2010 - Drastic changes in fecal and mucosa-associated microbiota in adult patients with short bowel syndrome
  • Kabeerdoss2013 - Clostridium leptum group bacteria abundance and diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study in India
  • Kang2010 - Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in Crohn's disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray
  • Li2012 - Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with Crohn's disease
  • Manichanh2006 - Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn's disease revealed by a metagenomic approach
  • Morita2015 - Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
  • Mouzaki2016 - Bile Acids and Dysbiosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  • Nylund2013 - Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease
  • Ohigashi2013 - Changes of the intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and fecal pH in patients with colorectal cancer
  • RajilicStojanovic2011 - Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome
  • Schwiertz2009 - Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects
  • Sokol2006 - Specificities of the fecal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease
  • Sokol2009 - Low counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota
  • Takeshita2016 - A Single Species of Clostridium Subcluster XIVa Decreased in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
  • Ventura2019 - Gut microbiome of treatment-naïve MS patients of different ethnicities early in disease course
  • Wang2019b - Alterations in the human gut microbiome associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
  • Citron2012 - In vitro activities of CB-183,315, vancomycin, and metronidazole against 556 strains of Clostridium difficile, 445 other intestinal anaerobes, and 56 Enterobacteriaceae species.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM LEPTUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM LEPTUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021