Clostridium moniliforme

(aka Eubacterium moniliforme)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium moniliforme, (aka Eubacterium moniliforme), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Clostridium moniliforme is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Wade2011aBergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, soil and clinical samples (blood and various infections). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 25(d); grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • lecithinase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate; propionate (trace); butyrate; lactate; butanol; succinate (trace); H₂S; ammonia; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2005); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid; pristinamycin;

  • Distaso, A (1911). Sur les microbes protéolytiques de la flore intestinale de l'homme et des animaux. Zbl. Bakt. Parasit. 59: 97-103.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Alt. name:  Eubacterium moniliforme Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, soil and clinical samples (blood and various infections)
    Lower T(℃):  25(d)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Arginine:  + Hippurate:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w(+) Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d(+) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Lactate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Lecithinase:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  trace(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  + Butanol:  + Succinate:  trace(+) H2S:  + Ammonia:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    penicillin_G:  S(2U)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.03)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 3), MIC90: Var(3
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.03–>64)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-1)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 6), MIC90: Var(6
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–32)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM MONILIFORME
  • Schwiertz2000 - Quantification of Different Eubacterium spp. in Human Fecal Samples with Species-Specific 16S rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Wade2011aBergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus I. Eubacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM MONILIFORME
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM MONILIFORME
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021