Clostridium novyi A

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium novyi A is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 29%. Clostridium novyi A is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Hall1922; Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (possibly transient), clinical (blood - CCUG) and animal sources. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hall1922); (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • DNA; gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 8.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; grows at 37℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 45℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • lactate; pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • DNase; lecithinase; lipase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • hyaluridonase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); propionate; butyrate (major); valerate (minor); propanolminor; Hâ‚‚ (major);
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Rainey2011aBergey); (Goldstein2014); (Citron2003); (Citron2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; fidaxomicin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces (possibly transient), clinical (blood - CCUG) and animal sources
    DNA G+C(%):  29
    Opt. T:  45℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    pH >8:  8.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Gelatin:  + Casein:  neg DNA:  d(+) Milk:  curdle Meat:  vr(w)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Thr:  neg Lactate:  + Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Hyaluridonase:  d(neg) DNAse:  d(+) Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–>128)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–2)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.02-0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02-2)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015-2)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5–>32)
    erythromycin:  Sens
    fidaxomicin:  S(0.03)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (1–>32)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.15–16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015-1)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25->32)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02-2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.02-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI A
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Hall1922 - Differentiation and identification of the sporulating anaerobes.
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI A
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI A
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: September 03, 2021