Clostridium oceanicum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium oceanicum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. The DNA G+C content is 26-28%. Clostridium oceanicum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Smith1970; Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey) and marine sediments. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Smith1970); (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; DNA; gelatin; meat;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 4% salt; doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 8.6;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 5℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; maltose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; fructose; fucose; glucose; maltose; mannose; threonine; pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • galactose; lactate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • DNase; lecithinase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Smith1970); (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; lactate (minor); valerate (trace); isobutyrate (minor); ethanolminor; butanolminor; succinate (minor); isovalerate (minor); Hâ‚‚S (most strains); ammonia; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Thiosulfate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces (Rainey2011aBergey) and marine sediments
    DNA G+C(%):  26-28
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Low T(℃):  5(w)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  8.6(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  + Starch:  d Casein:  + Chitin:  neg DNA:  + Milk:  d Meat:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Sucrose:  neg Cellulose:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w(+) Fucose:  + Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  w(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(+) Lactose:  neg Maltose:  w(+) Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Thr:  + Lactate:  d Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    DNAse:  + Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Valerate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  minor(+) Ethanol:  minor Butanol:  minor Succinate:  minor(+) Isovalerate:  minor(+) H2S:  d(+) Ammonia:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM OCEANICUM
  • Smith1970 - Clostridium oceanicum, sp. n., a sporeforming anaerobe isolated from marine sediments.
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM OCEANICUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Vos2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology: Vol. 3. The Firmicutes
    • Added: April 22, 2021