Clostridium sartagoforme

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium sartagoforme is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 28%. Clostridium sartagoforme is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and oral cavity. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • hippurate; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; fructose; galactose; lactose; mannitol; mannose; salicin; sucrose; trehalose; pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • amygdalin; glycogen; maltose; melezitose; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; starch; xylose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; butyrate; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Rainey2011aBergey); (Citron2012); (Goldstein2006);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and oral cavity
    DNA G+C(%):  28
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Starch:  d Hippurate:  d(neg) Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  d Melezitose:  d Raffinose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  d Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycogen:  d Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  d Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    DNAse:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.06–128)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–>16)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–>32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM SARTAGOFORME
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • Citron2012 - In vitro activities of CB-183,315, vancomycin, and metronidazole against 556 strains of Clostridium difficile, 445 other intestinal anaerobes, and 56 Enterobacteriaceae species.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM SARTAGOFORME
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM SARTAGOFORME
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021