Clostridium scindens

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium scindens is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, bacterium. It has been detected in at least 15 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45%. Clostridium scindens is a common gut coloniser. (Kitahara2000; Morris1985; Rainey2011gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • Capable of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylation which produces toxic secondary bile acids. These metabolites inhibit Clostridioides difficile growth. 50% of Europeans have it (unseenbio.com).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kitahara2000); (Morris1985); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 25℃; doesn't grow at 50℃; Grows optimally at 42℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; ribose; xylose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; lactose; mannose; ribose; xylose; pyruvate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kitahara2000); (Morris1985); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; butyrate (minor); ethanol; H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Morris1985); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2014); (Goldstein2013b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;
  • NOTES

    Cultures survive heat treatment at 80 °C for
    10 mins and absolute ethanol exposure for 30 mins.

    Clostridium scindens sp. nov., an obligate anaerobe with desmolytic activity, was isolated from human fecal
    flora. The desmolase, not associated previously with any specific intestinal microorganism, cleaves the
    carbon-carbon bond of 17-hydroxylated corticoids at C17-C20, thereby converting them to androstans (C19
    steroids).

  • Kitahara, M., Takamine, F., Imamura, T., & Benno, Y. (2000). Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 50 Pt 3(3), 971–978.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  45
    Opt. T:  42℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(w)
    High T(℃):  50(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Butyrate:  minor(+) Ethanol:  + H2S:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    penicillin_G:  S(2IU)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.015–16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–2)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    erythromycin:  R(3)
    fidaxomicin:  S(0.02)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–32)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(6)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–32)
    chloramphenicol:  R(12)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM SCINDENS
  • Kitahara2000 - Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.
  • Morris1985 - Clostridium scindens sp. nov., a Human Intestinal Bacterium with Desmolytic Activity on Corticoids.
  • Rainey2011gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIVa
  • Ridlon2006 - Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM SCINDENS
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM SCINDENS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021