Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 28%. Clostridium tyrobutyricum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Klijn1994; Rainey2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Klijn1994); (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 25℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • xylose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; mannitol; mannose; pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • xylose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Klijn1994); (Rainey2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; lactate (minor); succinate (minor); Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta(d(present))
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent

  • Taylor, G. R., Kropp, K. D., & Molina, T. C. (1985). Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 50(6), 1349–1356.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Clostridium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  28
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(w)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  d(neg) Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Mannose:  w(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  d(neg) Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  d(+) Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg DNAse:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  minor(+) H2:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM TYROBUTYRICUM
  • Klijn1994 - Identification of Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Related Species using Sugar Fermentation, Organic Acid Formation and DNA Probes Based on Specific 16S rRNA Sequences.
  • Rainey2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster I
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM TYROBUTYRICUM
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CLOSTRIDIUM TYROBUTYRICUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021