Comamonas testosteroni

(aka Pseudomonas testosteroni)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Comamonas testosteroni, (aka Pseudomonas testosteroni), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 61.0-62.1%. Comamonas testosteroni is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Tamaoka1987; Willems2005aBergey; Narayan2010; Stanier1966)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Metabolises testosterone.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tamaoka1987); (Willems2005aBergey); (Narayan2010); (Stanier1966);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 3.0(d), 4.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 0-5℃; doesn't grow at 42℃;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • aspartate; glutamate; isoleucine; DL-kynurenine; leucine; phenylalanine; proline; tyrosine; acetate; adipate; azelate; butyrate; caproate; citraconate; fumarate; glutarate; DL-glycerate; glycolate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; isobutyrate; isovalerate; itaconate; 2-ketoglutarate; DL-lactate; levulinate; malate; L-malate; mucate; pimelate; propionate; saccharate; sebacate; suberate; succinate; valerate; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • glycerol; propanol; alanine; D-alanine; glycine; hippurate; norleucine; threonine; tryptophan; valine; aconitate; caprate; caprylate; heptanoate; L-mandelate; mesaconate; nonanoate; phenol; pyruvate; L-tartrate; meso-tartrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • phosphoamidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Willems2005aBergey); (Narayan2010); (Stanier1966);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • NOTES

    Along with Ochrobacterum intermedium and O. anthropi, C. testosteroni can utilise asparagine directly.  Unlike them, it weakly utilises DL-malate also.  Some strains reportedly utilise aminovalerate, while others use DL-norvaline or terephthalate.  Can use n-butanol, and both D-kynurenate and L-kynurenate isomers.

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Burkholderiales Family:  Comamonadaceae Genus:  Comamonas Alt. name:  Pseudomonas testosteroni Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  61.0-62.1
    Low T(℃):  0-5(neg)
    High T(℃):  42(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3.0(d), 4.5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  80(d)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Glycerol:  d Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Propanol:  d Starch:  neg Ala:  d D-Ala:  d 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  d Hippurate:  d Ile:  + DL-Kynurenine:  + Leu:  + Norleucine:  d Phe:  + Pro:  + Thr:  d Trigonelline:  neg Trp:  d Tyr:  + Val:  d Acetate:  + Aconitate:  d Adipate:  + Azelate:  + Butyrate:  + Caprate:  d Caproate:  + Caprylate:  d Citraconate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  + DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  + Heptanoate:  d 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  + Isovalerate:  + Itaconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  + Malate:  + L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg L-Mandelate:  d Mesaconate:  d Mucate:  + Nonanoate:  d Phenol:  d Pimelate:  + Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  d Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  + Sebacate:  + Suberate:  + Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  d Valerate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  d Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg Phosphoamidase:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1)
    penicillin:  Res
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5–4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5–2)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–16)
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1–2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.5)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015–0.03)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.015, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR COMAMONAS TESTOSTERONI
  • Tamaoka1987 - Reclassification of Pseudomonas acidovorans den Dooren de Jong 1926 and Pseudomonas testosteroni Marcus and Talalay 1956 as Comamonas acidovorans comb. nov. and Comamonas testosteroni comb. nov., with an Emended Description of the Genus Comamonas.
  • Willems2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Comamonadaceae, Genus I. Comamonas
  • Narayan2010 - Characterization of Comamonas thiooxidans sp. nov., and comparison of thiosulfate oxidation with Comamonas testosteroni and Comamonas composti.
  • Ridlon2006 - Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Stanier1966 - The Aerobic Pseudomonads a Taxonomic Study.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR COMAMONAS TESTOSTERONI
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021