Corynebacterium afermentans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Corynebacterium afermentans is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, pleiomorph rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 66%. Corynebacterium afermentans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Riegel1993; Bernard2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, various - CCUG) and skin. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Nonlipophilic.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Riegel1993); (Bernard2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 37℃;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • acetate; lactate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; esterase; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Riegel1993);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Riegel1993);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; imipenem; mezlocillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; josamycin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • norfloxacin;
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; netilmycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin; rifapentine;
  • Heterocycles:
  • fusidic-acid;
  • fosfomycin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; pristinamycin; telithromycin;
  • lincomycin;

  • Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B., & Raoult, D. (2013). Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(11), 1471–1481.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Corynebacteriales Family:  Corynebacteriaceae Genus:  Corynebacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Pleiomorph rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, various - CCUG) and skin
    DNA G+C(%):  66
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Maltose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  neg Mannitol:  neg Acetate:  + Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Lactate:  + Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg LeuAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  vr Esterase:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-64)
    mezlocillin:  Sens
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03->128)
    piperacillin:  Sens
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.03-32)
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    ertapenem:  Var(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.008->16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03->32)
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    netilmycin:  Sens
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.03->128)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.015->128)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.03->128)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-8)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.03->128)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.015->128)
    josamycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06->128)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.5->16)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12-8)
    norfloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.12-2)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-1)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-2)
    rifampicin:  Sens
    rifapentine:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015-32)
    fosfomycin:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Var
    lincomycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.12->128)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-8)
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM AFERMENTANS
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Riegel1993 - Taxonomic Study of Corynebacterium Group ANF-1 Strains: Proposal of Corynebacterium afermentans sp. nov. Containing the Subspecies C. afermentans subsp. afermentans subsp. nov. and C. afermentans subsp. lipophilum subsp. nov.
  • Bernard2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Corynebacteriaceae, Genus I. Corynebacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM AFERMENTANS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021