Corynebacterium amycolatum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Corynebacterium amycolatum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, pleiomorph rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 61%. Corynebacterium amycolatum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Collins1988; Palacios2010; Bernard2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, pus, sputum, wound, other - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Nonlipophilic.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins1988); (Palacios2010); (Bernard2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • starch;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 20℃; grows at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; ribose; maltose; glycerol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose; cellubiose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; cystine arylamidase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; lipase C14;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Collins1988); (Palacios2010);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Goldstein2006b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; cefotaxime;
  • cefotetan; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; josamycin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid; telithromycin;
  • clindamycin; lincomycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Corynebacteriales Family:  Corynebacteriaceae Genus:  Corynebacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Pleiomorph rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine, pus, sputum, wound, other - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  61
    Lower T(℃):  20(neg)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Casein:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  d
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(neg) Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(neg) Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  d Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  d(+) PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  d(+) Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase(C14):  d(+) Phosphoamidase:  vr
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-64)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–>64)
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.12->128)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.03->128)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    ertapenem:  Var(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.008->16)
    imipenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    meropenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–>8)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125->32)
    cefotetan:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2–>32)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (1–>128)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (16–>64)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (4->128)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.5->128)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >128, RNG: (1->128)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.25)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.5->64)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015->128)
    josamycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.125->64)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.5->16)
    levofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.12-64)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-16)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.12-0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    rifapentine:  Var(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.015->128)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.5->64)
    lincomycin:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (>128-)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM AMYCOLATUM
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Collins1988 - Corynebacterium amycolatum sp. nov. a new mycolic acid-less Corynebacterium species from human skin.
  • Palacios2010 - Characterization of Some Bacterial Strains Isolated from Animal Clinical Materials and Identified as Corynebacterium xerosis by Molecular Biological Techniques.
  • Bernard2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Corynebacteriaceae, Genus I. Corynebacterium
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM AMYCOLATUM
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM AMYCOLATUM
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021