Corynebacterium simulans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Corynebacterium simulans is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, diphtheroidal bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Corynebacterium simulans is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Wattiau2000; Bernard2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Wattiau2000); (Bernard2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • tyrosine;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 20℃; strain-variable at 42(d);
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; esterase; esterase lipase C8; phosphoamidase; trypsin; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Wattiau2000); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • cefotetan;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • levofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • fusidic-acid;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid;
  • clindamycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Corynebacteriales Family:  Corynebacteriaceae Genus:  Corynebacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diphtheroidal
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources and human faeces
    Lower T(℃):  20(neg)
    High T(℃):  42(d)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Tyrosine:  + Tween:  20(+) 40(+) 60(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  vr Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  vr Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  vr Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  + CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg Phosphoamidase:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06–>8)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03–32)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.015–2)
    penicillin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06–>8)
    piper-taz:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015–1)
    imipenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06–>8)
    meropenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06–>8)
    cefotetan:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2–>32)
    cephalothin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    levofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.125–>8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25–0.5)
    rifampicin:  Sens
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (2–>8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM SIMULANS
  • Wattiau2000 - Corynebacterium simulans sp. nov., a non-lipophilic, fermentative Corynebacterium.
  • Bernard2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Corynebacteriaceae, Genus I. Corynebacterium
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM SIMULANS
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021