Corynebacterium xerosis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Corynebacterium xerosis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, club-shaped-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67.3%. Corynebacterium xerosis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Palacios2010; Bernard2012Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources, and animal sources. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Nonlipophilic.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Palacios2010); (Bernard2012Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • starch;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; 5-ketogluconate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • fucose; amygdalin; inulin; gentiobiose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • lipase C14; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Palacios2010);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • propionate; H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;
  • clindamycin;

  • Drasar, BS & MJ Hill (1974). Composition of the gut flora. Human intestinal flora. Vol. (BS Drasar and MJ Hill, eds.), pp. 26-35 Academic Press Inc. Ltd., London.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Corynebacteriales Family:  Corynebacteriaceae Genus:  Corynebacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Club rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources, and animal sources
    DNA G+C(%):  67.3
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Starch:  d(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fucose:  d(neg) D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  d(neg) Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  d(+) Amygdalin:  d(neg) Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  d Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  d(neg)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Propionate:  neg H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-64)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.015–2)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.03->32)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.03-32)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015–1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03->32)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.125–>128)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.5–>64)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–2)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.125–>16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.06–>64)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM XEROSIS
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Palacios2010 - Characterization of Some Bacterial Strains Isolated from Animal Clinical Materials and Identified as Corynebacterium xerosis by Molecular Biological Techniques.
  • Bernard2012Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5, The Actinobacteria. Part A & B. Corynebacteriaceae, Genus I. Corynebacterium
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CORYNEBACTERIUM XEROSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021