Cutibacterium acnes

(aka Propionibacterium acnes)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Cutibacterium acnes, (aka Propionibacterium acnes), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 22 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 59-64%. Cutibacterium acnes is a common gut coloniser. (Dekio2015; Scholz2016; McDowell2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • A significant member of the seeding microbiota that colonises the gut of C-section newborns but also found in breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Dekio2015); (Scholz2016); (McDowell2016);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; acid phosphatase; arginine dihydrolase; α-glucosidase; hyaluridonase; lecithinase; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dekio2015); (McDowell2016);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • strain dependent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Goldstein2013a); (Tyrrell2012); (Snydman2008); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Goldstein2006d); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2003a); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefepime; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefotiam; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime; cefuroxime; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • besifloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid; pristinamycin; ranbezolid; telithromycin;

  • Damage to host tissues and cells might be accomplished by bacterial enzymes with degradative properties, such as lipases. Immunogenic factors of P. acnes such as surface determinants or heat shock proteins (HSPs) might trigger inflammation. Other diseases are also associated with P. acnes, including corneal ulcers; endocarditis; sarcoidosis; cholesterol gallstones; allergic alveolitis; pulmonary angitis; and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. [PMID: 15286373]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human cutaneous microbiota and is occasionally associated with inflammatory diseases [PMID: 22156398] Propionibacterium acnes is also amember of the resident flora of nares, conjunctival flora, oral cavity, upper respiratory tract and intestinal tract. [PMID: 15715718]

  • Moore, WEC & LV Holdeman (1974). Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. Appl. Microbiol. 27: 961-979.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Propionibacteriales Family:  Propionibacteriaceae Genus:  Cutibacterium Alt. name:  Propionibacterium acnes Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  microaerophilic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, tissue - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  59-64
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Ribose:  vr D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  vr Urease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  vr α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  vr β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  vr AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  vr AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.125-0.5)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.25)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.12-≤0.12)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-0.5)
    tica-clav:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.06)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.03-0.06)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.062, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    cefamandole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-2)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–8)
    cefmetazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    cefoperazone:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    cefotiam:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-4)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2–8)
    ceftizoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    moxalactam:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-2)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–16)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    fidaxomicin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.25–256)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.12)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.03-0.5)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–2)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    besifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.25)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-1)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.25)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12-8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–1)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–4)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–8)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-2)
    SXT:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–>8)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR CUTIBACTERIUM ACNES
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Dekio2015 - Dissecting the taxonomic heterogeneity within Propionibacterium acnes: proposal for Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes subsp. nov. and Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum subsp. nov.
  • Scholz2016 - The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • DelChierico2017 - Gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta-omics-based approach
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • vanDijkhuizen2019 - Microbiome Analytics of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study
  • Hynes2000 - Hyaluronidases of Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Snydman2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem, against recently collected clinical anaerobic isolates, with emphasis on the Bacteroides fragilis group.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006d - Comparative in vitro activities of retapamulin (SB-275833) against 141 clinical isolates of Propionibacterium spp., including 117 P. acnes isolates.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • McDowell2016 - Emendation of Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes (Deiko et al. 2015) and proposal of Propionibacterium acnes type II as Propionibacterium acnes subsp. defendens subsp. nov.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR CUTIBACTERIUM ACNES
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
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    • Added: March 29, 2021