Dysgonomonas gadei

(aka CDC Group DF-3)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Dysgonomonas gadei, (aka CDC Group DF-3), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39.6%. Dysgonomonas gadei is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Hofstad2000; Olsen2010Bergey; Gill1991)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and gall bladder. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hofstad2000); (Olsen2010Bergey); (Gill1991);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Grows in the presence of bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; doesn't grow at 43℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; arabinosidase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; chymotrypsin; fucosidase; γ-Glu transferase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; lipase; phosphoamidase; trypsin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hofstad2000); (Olsen2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • grey–white
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Hofstad2000); (Olsen2010Bergey); (Gill1991);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem; meropenem;
  • aztreonam; benzylpenicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefoxitin; cefpirom; ceftazidime; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; netilmycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • sulfadiazine;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Zitomersky, N. L., Atkinson, B. J., Franklin, S. W., Mitchell, P. D., Snapper, S. B., Comstock, L. E., & Bousvaros, A. (2013). Characterization of adherent bacteroidales from intestinal biopsies of children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. PloS One, 8(6), e63686.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Bacteroidia Order:  Bacteroidales Family:  Dysgonomonadaceae Genus:  Dysgonomonas Alt. name:  CDC Group DF-3 Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus Pigment:  grey–white
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and gall bladder
    DNA G+C(%):  39.6
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  43(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  +
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  w(+) Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Glycogen:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  vr Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  + Acetate:  neg Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg α-Arab:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  vr α-Mannosidase:  w ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + γ-Glu transf.:  + GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  + AlanineAA:  + ArgAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  + GlyAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  + ProAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  w Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg Phosphoamidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  + Pigment:  grey–white
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): 6), MIC90: Var(6
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): 1), MIC90: Var(1
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 6), MIC90: Var(6
    aztreonam:  R(8)
    benzyl-pen:  R(>32)
    imipenem:  S(0.5)
    meropenem:  S(0.064)
    cefotaxime:  R(256)
    cefoxitin:  R(256)
    cefpirom:  R(256)
    ceftazidime:  R(256)
    cefuroxime:  R(256)
    cephalothin:  R(256)
    amikacin:  R(16)
    gentamicin:  R(256)
    netilmycin:  R(256)
    tobramycin:  R(4)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 16), MIC90: Var(16
    ciprofloxacin:  R(32)
    ofloxacin:  R(8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.19)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    teicoplanin:  R(256)
    vancomycin:  R(48)
    chloramphenicol:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    metronidazole:  S(1.5)
    sulfadiazine:  R(256)
    SXT:  S(0.125)
    clindamycin:  S(0.25)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR DYSGONOMONAS GADEI
  • Hofstad2000 - Dysgonomonas gen. nov. to accommodate Dysgonomonas gadei sp. nov., an organism isolated from a human gall bladder, and Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides (formerly CDC group DF-3).
  • Olsen2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Porphyromonaceae, Genus III. Dysgonomonas
  • Gill1991 - Clinical and microbiological observations on CDC group DF-3, a gram-negative coccobacillus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR DYSGONOMONAS GADEI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021