Eggerthia catenaformis

(aka Bacteroides catenaformis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Eggerthia catenaformis, (aka Bacteroides catenaformis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 10 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 34.8%. Eggerthia catenaformis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Salvetti2011; Eggerth1935)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and dental disease. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Salvetti2011); (Eggerth1935);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; glycogen; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • aesculin; inulin; starch; mannitol; α-methyl glucoside; methyl mannoside;
  • Active enzymes:
  • esterase C4; ornithine decarboxylase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Salvetti2011); (Eggerth1935);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • formate; H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2013); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2006c); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • moxifloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; pristinamycin;

  • Eggerth, A. H. (1935). The gram-positive non-spore-bearing anaerobic bacilli of human feces. Journal of Bacteriology, 30(3), 277–299.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Erysipelotrichia Order:  Erysipelotrichales Family:  Coprobacillaceae Genus:  Eggerthia Alt. name:  Bacteroides catenaformis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, infection - CCUG) and dental disease
    DNA G+C(%):  34.8
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Gelatin:  neg Milk:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d(+) Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  d Glycogen:  + Inulin:  d Starch:  d Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d(neg) Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  d Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg LysDC:  vr OrnDC:  + LeuAA:  vr AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  neg Acetate:  minor(+) Lactate:  Major(+) H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.128, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-1)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06–64)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-1)
    meropenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.03–>16)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.015->32)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.03–>64)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–2)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-4)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–16)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–16)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.06–>64)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1–>32)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EGGERTHIA CATENAFORMIS
  • Salvetti2011 - Reclassification of Lactobacillus catenaformis (Eggerth 1935) Moore and Holdeman 1970 and Lactobacillus vitulinus Sharpe et al. 1973 as Eggerthia catenaformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Kandleria vitulina gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively.
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Eggerth1935 - The Gram-positive Non-spore-bearing Anaerobic Bacilli of Human Feces.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EGGERTHIA CATENAFORMIS
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR EGGERTHIA CATENAFORMIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021