Eikenella corrodens

(aka Bacteroides corrodens)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Eikenella corrodens, (aka Bacteroides corrodens), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 56-58%. Eikenella corrodens is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Dewhirst1993; Tanner1981; Bottone2005aBergey; Eiken1958)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood, abscess, infection, appendix) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Dewhirst1993); (Tanner1981); (Bottone2005aBergey); (Eiken1958);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 4.2-5.9; doesn't tolerate pH 6; doesn't tolerate pH 8.5; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 27℃; grows at 43℃; Grows optimally at 32-43℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; glutamic acid decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dewhirst1993); (Tanner1981); (Bottone2005aBergey); (Eiken1958);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Coburn2013); (Tanner1981); (Bottone2005aBergey); (Goldstein2018); (Goldstein2017); (Goldstein2003a); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • oxacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefoxitin; cefuroxime;
  • cefalexin;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; spiramycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • co-trimoxazole; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;
  • clindamycin; lincomycin;

  • Hansen, R., Berry, S. H., Mukhopadhya, I., Thomson, J. M., Saunders, K. A., Nicholl, C. E., Bisset, W. M., Loganathan, S., Mahdi, G., Kastner-Cole, D., Barclay, A. R., Bishop, J., Flynn, D. M., McGrogan, P., Russell, R. K., El-Omar, E. M., & Hold, G. L. (2013). The microaerophilic microbiota of de-novo paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: the BISCUIT study. PloS One, 8(3), e58825.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Neisseriales Family:  Neisseriaceae Genus:  Eikenella Alt. name:  Bacteroides corrodens Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (blood, abscess, infection, appendix) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  56-58
    Opt. T:  32-43℃
    Lower T(℃):  27(+)
    High T(℃):  43(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-8.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.2-5.9(neg)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6(neg)
    pH >8:  8.5(neg)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  + LysDC:  vr OrnDC:  + AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): 2), MIC90: S(2, Var(8)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12->4)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤1)
    oxacillin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.25->64)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5-1), MIC90: S(≤0.5-1, RNG: (0.12->1)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.03)
    imipenem:  S(≤0.12/≤0.12)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.06)
    cefaclor:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤4-8)
    cefalexin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >64, RNG: (1->64)
    cefixime:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: >1, RNG: (≤0.12->1)
    cefotaxime:  S(0.06/0.5)
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-8)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): 8-64), MIC90: Var(8-64
    kanamycin:  Var(MIC50): 4-32), MIC90: Var(4-32
    neomycin:  R(64->128)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 8-32), MIC90: Var(8-32
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-8)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    spiramycin:  S(2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: ≤0.5, RNG: (≤0.5-≤0.5)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.016, RNG: (0.008–0.125)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.06, MIC90: ≤0.06, RNG: (≤0.06-≤0.06)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.03)
    nalidixic-acid:  Var(MIC50): 1-4), MIC90: Var(1-4
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.03-0.12)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.016, RNG: (0.016–0.06)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–2)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–4)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-4)
    tigecycline:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2–8)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.8, MIC90: 0.8, RNG: (8–>8)
    bacitracin:  R(32-128)
    rifampicin:  SensRNG: (0.5-1)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-2)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (8->32)
    SXT:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.06-0.5)
    co-trimoxazole:  R(9.5/38)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (8->32)
    lincomycin:  Res
    colistin:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-1)
    polymyxin_B:  SensRNG: (≤0.25-1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EIKENELLA CORRODENS
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Coburn2013 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Clinical Isolates of HACEK Organisms.
  • Dewhirst1993 - Phylogeny of Species in the Family Neisseriaceae Isolated from Human Dental Plaque and Description of Kingella orale sp. nov.
  • Merriam2006 - In vitro activity of azithromycin and nine comparator agents against 296 strains of oral anaerobes and 31 strains of Eikenella corrodens.
  • Tanner1981 - Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and Description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from Humans with Periodontal Disease.
  • Bottone2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Neisseriaceae, Genus V. Eikenella
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Goldstein2018 - Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates.
  • Goldstein2017 - In Vitro Activity of Pexiganan and 10 Comparator Antimicrobials against 234 Isolates, Including 93 Pasteurella Species and 50 Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Animal Bite Wounds.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Eiken1958 - Studies on an anaerobic, rodshaped, gram-negative microorganism: Bacteroides corrodens n. sp.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EIKENELLA CORRODENS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR EIKENELLA CORRODENS
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021