Empedobacter falsenii

(aka Wautersiella falsenii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Empedobacter falsenii, (aka Wautersiella falsenii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 33.8-34.4%. Empedobacter falsenii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Zhang2014a; Kaempfer2006; Zhang2014; Kampfer2010Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, rectum - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Zhang2014a); (Kaempfer2006); (Zhang2014); (Kampfer2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; starch; urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • aesculin; starch; maltose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; maltose; phenylacetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; chymotrypsin; cystine arylamidase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; γ-Glu transferase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; lipase; oxidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase; trypsin; urease; Val arylamidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Zhang2014a); (Kaempfer2006); (Zhang2014); (Kampfer2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Nitrite:
  • reduction is variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Zhang2014a); (Kaempfer2006); (Zhang2014);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • carbenicillin; imipenem; piperacillin;
  • ampicillin; oxacillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefazolin; cefoperazone; ceftazidime; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; norfloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; polymyxin B;
  • colistin;

  • Frank, D. N., St Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., & Pace, N. R. (2007). Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(34), 13780–13785.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Bacteroidetes Class:  Flavobacteriia Order:  Flavobacteriales Family:  Weeksellaceae Genus:  Empedobacter Alt. name:  Wautersiella falsenii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood, wound, rectum - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  33.8-34.4
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  w Starch:  + Casein:  neg Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  neg Maltose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  neg Mannitol:  neg Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + γ-Glu transf.:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  + CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(10; disc)
    carbenicil:  S(100; disc)
    oxacillin:  R(1; disc)
    penicillin_G:  R(10U)
    piperacillin:  S(100; disc)
    imipenem:  S(10; disc)
    cefalexin:  S(30; disc)
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  S(75; disc)
    ceftazidime:  S(30; disc)
    cefuroxime:  S(30; disc)
    amikacin:  S(10; disc)
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    neomycin:  S(30; disc)
    streptomycin:  S(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  S(15; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    norfloxacin:  S(10; disc)
    ofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(30; disc)
    minocycline:  S(30; disc)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    vancomycin:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    SXT:  S(1.25/24)
    clindamycin:  S(2; disc)
    colistin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  S(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EMPEDOBACTER FALSENII
  • Zhang2014a - Description of Chishuiella changwenlii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from freshwater, and transfer of Wautersiella falsenii to the genus Empedobacter as Empedobacter falsenii comb. nov.
  • Kaempfer2006 - Description of Wautersiella falsenii gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate clinical isolates phenotypically resembling members of the genera Chryseobacterium and Empedobacter.
  • Zhang2014 - Moheibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from sediment, and emended descriptions of Empedobacter brevis, Wautersiella falsenii and Weeksella virosa.
  • Kampfer2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Flavobacteriaceae, Genus LVI. Wautersiella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EMPEDOBACTER FALSENII
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • Added: July 12, 2021