Ensifer adhaerens

(aka Ensifer morelensis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ensifer adhaerens, (aka Ensifer morelensis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67%. Ensifer adhaerens is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Young2003; Willems2003; Wang2013; Casida1982)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 27C. Unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Young2003); (Willems2003); (Wang2013); (Casida1982);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; doesn't tolerate 4% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 27℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; adonitol; amygdalin; arabinose; L-arabinose; d_arabitol; L-arabitol; arbutin; cellubiose; dextrin; aesculin; fructose; fucose; galactose; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; inositol; lactose; D-lyxose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melezitose; melibiose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; salicin; sorbitol; sucrose; D-tagatose; trehalose; D-turanose; xylitol; xylose; alanine; glutamate; malate; glutamine; L-asparagine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Willems2003);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Willems2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Hyphomicrobiales Family:  Rhizobiaceae Genus:  Ensifer Alt. name:  Ensifer morelensis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  67
    Opt. T:  27℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(neg)
    Opt. pH:  6.0-8.0
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Agar:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  w D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  + Amygdalin:  + D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  + Arbutin:  + Cellulose:  neg Dextrin:  + Aesculin:  + Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  w Xylitol:  + Ala:  + Glu:  + Acetate:  w Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Malate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  w Urease:  + β-Galactosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  R(5; disc)
    carbenicil:  R(100; disc)
    cefuroxime:  R(30; disc)
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    gentamicin:  R(10; disc)
    kanamycin:  R(30; disc)
    netilmycin:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    streptomycin:  R(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  R(10; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  R(30; disc)
    novobiocin:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENSIFER ADHAERENS
  • Young2003 - The genus name Ensifer Casida 1982 takes priority over Sinorhizobium Chen et al. 1988, and Sinorhizobium morelense Wang et al. 2002 is a later synonym of Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982. Is the combination "Sinorhizobium adhaerens" (Casida 1982) Willems et al. 2003 legitimate? Request for an Opinion.
  • Willems2003 - Description of new Ensifer strains from nodules and proposal to transfer Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982 to Sinorhizobium as Sinorhizobium adhaerens comb. nov. Request for an opinion.
  • Wang2013 - Proposal of Ensifer psoraleae sp. nov., Ensifer sesbaniae sp. nov., Ensifer morelense comb. nov. and Ensifer americanum comb. nov.
  • Wang2002 - Sinorhizobium morelense sp. nov., a Leucaena leucocephala-associated bacterium that is highly resistant to multiple antibiotics.
  • Martens2007 - Multilocus sequence analysis of Ensifer and related taxa.
  • Casida1982 - Ensifer adhaerens gen. nov., sp. nov.: A Bacterial Predator of Bacteria in Soil.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENSIFER ADHAERENS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: December 15, 2021