Enterobacter asburiae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterobacter asburiae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 13 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 55-57%. Enterobacter asburiae is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Brenner1986; Hoffmann2005a; Sutton2018; Grimont2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - including an ulcerative colitis patient) and clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Brenner1986); (Hoffmann2005a); (Grimont2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; galactose; glucose; mannose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mucate;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; inositol; lactose; D-lyxose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; mannose; melibiose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; proline; serine; aconitate; citrate; fumarate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; DL-lactate; L-malate; mucate; phenylacetate; saccharate; succinate; methyl-β-glucoside; methyl-α-galactoside; methyl-β-galactoside; maltitol; palatinose; glutamine; D-glucuronate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • caprate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • arginine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Brenner1986); (Hoffmann2005a); (Grimont2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • active for most strains
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ±
  • KCN growth:
  • strain-dependent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Brenner1986); (Grimont2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ertapenem; imipenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime;
  • cefazolin; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin; cefpodoxime; cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • gatifloxacin;

  • Brenner, D. J., McWhorter, A. C., Kai, A., Steigerwalt, A. G., & Farmer, J. J., 3rd. (1986). Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov., a new species found in clinical specimens, and reassignment of Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter dissolvens comb. nov. and Enterobacter nimipressuralis comb. nov. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 23(6), 1114–1120.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Enterobacter Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - including an ulcerative colitis patient) and clinical sources (blood, urine, wound - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  55-57
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Tyrosine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  w Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d(+) Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  d(+) Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  d(+) D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg Glu:  + Hippurate:  neg Histamine:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Acetate:  vr Aconitate:  + Benzoate:  neg Caprate:  d(neg) Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  neg Mucate:  d(+) Phenylacetate:  d(+) Phenylpropionate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  d(+) Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  d(+) ArgDC:  d LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (1->32)
    ampicillin:  Res
    amp-sulb:  Res
    aztreonam:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.25-256)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    cefotaxime:  R(>64)
    cefotetan:  Res
    cefoxitin:  Res
    cefpodoxime:  R(>16)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤1->16)
    cephalothin:  Res
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.25->32)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): ≤2, MIC90: ≤2, RNG: (≤2->16)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER ASBURIAE
  • Brenner1986 - Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov., a new species found in clinical specimens, and reassignment of Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter dissolvens comb. nov. and Enterobacter nimipressuralis comb. nov.
  • Hoffmann2005a - Reassignment of Enterobacter dissolvens to Enterobacter cloacae as E. cloacae subspecies dissolvens comb. nov. and emended description of Enterobacter asburiae and Enterobacter kobei.
  • Sutton2018 - Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., Enterobacter roggenkampii sp. nov., and Enterobacter muelleri is a later heterotypic synonym of Enterobacter asburiae based on computational analysis of sequenced Enterobacter genomes.
  • Grimont2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XII. Enterobacter
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Lv2016 - Alterations and correlations of the gut microbiome, metabolism and immunity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROBACTER ASBURIAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Favier2002 - Molecular monitoring of succession of bacterial communities in human neonates.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER ASBURIAE
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021