Enterobacter cancerogenus

(aka Erwinia cancerogena)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterobacter cancerogenus, (aka Erwinia cancerogena), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Enterobacter cancerogenus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Grimont1989; Grimont2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and cankers in poplars. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Grimont1989); (Grimont2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 44℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; maltose; trehalose; mannitol; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; L-arabinose; cellubiose; fructose; fucose; galactose; gluconate; glucosamine; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; trehalose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; proline; serine; aconitate; citrate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; lactate; DL-lactate; L-malate; mucate; phenylacetate; saccharate; succinate; methyl-β-glucoside; methyl-β-galactoside; glutamine; putrescine; D-glucuronate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; arginine dihydrolase; arginine decarboxylase; γ-Glu transferase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Grimont1989); (Grimont2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Thiosulfate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Grimont2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ertapenem; imipenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime;
  • cefoxitin; ceftazidime;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • gatifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;

  • Farmer, J. J., 3rd, Fanning, G. R., Davis, B. R., O’Hara, C. M., Riddle, C., Hickman-Brenner, F. W., Asbury, M. A., Lowery, V. A., 3rd, & Brenner, D. J. (1985). Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter taylorae, two new species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 21(1), 77–81.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Enterobacter Alt. name:  Erwinia cancerogena Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (blood, wound - CCUG) and cankers in poplars
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  44(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  80(d(neg))
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  vr D-Arabitol:  vr L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  d(neg) Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  vr Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg Glu:  + Histamine:  neg Pro:  d(+) Ser:  + Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Tyr:  neg Aconitate:  cis(+) trans(d(+)) Benzoate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  vr 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Lactate:  + DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  vr Mucate:  + Phenylacetate:  + Phenylpropionate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  + Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + ArgDC:  + γ-Glu transf.:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg TrpAA:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (1->32)
    ampicillin:  Res
    aztreonam:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.25-256)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.5-8)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    cefoxitin:  Res
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤2->16)
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.25->32)
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER CANCEROGENUS
  • Grimont1989 - Enterobacter cancerogenus (Urosevi, 1966) Dickey and Zumoff 1988, a senior subjective synonym of Enterobacter taylorae Farmer et al. (1985).
  • Grimont2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XII. Enterobacter
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROBACTER CANCEROGENUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021