Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei

(aka Enterobacter hormaechei)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei, (aka Enterobacter hormaechei), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Hoffmann2005; Grimont2005Bergey; O'Hara1989; Sutton2018)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources and human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hoffmann2005); (Grimont2005Bergey); (O'Hara1989);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; rhamnose; amygdalin; maltose; mucate; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • fucose; D-fucose; melibiose; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; L-arabitol; cellubiose; dulcitol; ethanolamine; fructose; fucose; galactose; glucosamine; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melezitose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; sorbose; sucrose; trehalose; xylitol; alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; δ-aminovalerate; betaine; histamine; histidine; trigonelline; tryptamine; tryptophan; tyrosine; aconitate; benzoate; citrate; fumarate; glutarate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; itaconate; phenylacetate; phenylpropionate; propionate; quinate; saccharate; succinate; methyl-β-glucoside; methyl-β-galactoside; palatinose; D-glucuronate; m-coumarate; gentisate; tricarballylate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • adonitol; d_arabitol; erythritol; D-fucose; D-lyxose; melibiose; raffinose; sorbitol; D-turanose; xylose; 5-ketogluconate; lactulose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; arginine decarboxylase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hoffmann2005); (Grimont2005Bergey); (O'Hara1989);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ±
  • KCN growth:
  • strain-dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Grimont2005Bergey); (O'Hara1989);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime;
  • cefazolin; cefotetan; cefoxitin; cefpodoxime; cephalothin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Enterobacter Alt. name:  Enterobacter hormaechei Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources and human faeces (including ulcerative colitis patients)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fucose:  d D-Fucose:  d Glucose:  vr Rhamnose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  d Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  d(neg) Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  d(neg) Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  w Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  neg Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  d(neg) Raffinose:  d Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  d(neg) Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  d(neg) D-Arabitol:  d(neg) L-Arabitol:  + Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  d(neg) Ethanolamine:  + Gluconate:  neg Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Sorbitol:  d(neg) Xylitol:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  + Asp:  neg Betaine:  + Glu:  neg Histamine:  + His:  + Pro:  neg Ser:  neg Trigonelline:  + Tryptamine:  + Trp:  + Tyr:  + Aconitate:  d(+) Benzoate:  + Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  + DL-Glycerate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Itaconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  d(neg) DL-Lactate:  neg L-Malate:  neg Malonate:  neg Phenylacetate:  + Phenylpropionate:  + Propionate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  + Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  vr Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  + ArgDC:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Res
    ampicillin:  Res
    amp-sulb:  Res
    aztreonam:  RNG: (≤1-2)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.25-256)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    cefotaxime:  RNG: (≤1-16)
    cefotetan:  Res
    cefoxitin:  Res
    cefpodoxime:  R(8->16)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤2->16)
    cephalothin:  Res
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25->32), MIC90: Var(0.25->32
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): ≤2, MIC90: ≤2, RNG: (≤2->16)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.016->4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER HORMAECHEI SUBSP. HORMAECHEI
  • Hoffmann2005 - Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae subsp. nov., E. hormaechei subsp. hormaechei comb. nov., and E. hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii subsp. nov., Three New Subspecies of Clinical Importance.
  • Grimont2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XII. Enterobacter
  • O'Hara1989 - Enterobacter hormaechei, a new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae formerly known as enteric group 75.
  • Sutton2018 - Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., Enterobacter roggenkampii sp. nov., and Enterobacter muelleri is a later heterotypic synonym of Enterobacter asburiae based on computational analysis of sequenced Enterobacter genomes.
  • DeAngelis2013 - Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROBACTER HORMAECHEI SUBSP. HORMAECHEI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER HORMAECHEI SUBSP. HORMAECHEI
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021