Enterobacter kobei

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterobacter kobei is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 52.7%. Enterobacter kobei is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Hoffmann2005a; Kosako1996)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (throat, sputum, blood and urine). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hoffmann2005a); (Kosako1996);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; gluconate; 2-ketogluconate; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mucate; D-turanose; dulcitol; glycerol; 5-ketogluconate;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucosamine; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; inositol; lactose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; mannose; melibiose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; proline; serine; acetate; aconitate; citrate; fumarate; 2-ketogluconate; DL-lactate; L-malate; mucate; phenylacetate; saccharate; succinate; methyl-β-glucoside; methyl-α-galactoside; methyl-β-galactoside; maltitol; palatinose; glutamine; putrescine; D-glucuronate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • dulcitol; D-lyxose; lactulose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; β-galactosidase; ornithine decarboxylase; urease; xylosidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hoffmann2005a); (Kosako1996);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ±
  • KCN growth:
  • strain-dependent
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Enterobacter Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (throat, sputum, blood and urine)
    DNA G+C(%):  52.7
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    		Aesculin:  d Urea:  d(+) Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  d Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d Glycerol:  d Inositol:  d(+) Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  d Me-α-D-Glc:  w Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  d(neg) Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d Erythritol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  d(+) Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg Glu:  + Histamine:  neg His:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Acetate:  d(+) Aconitate:  d(+) Benzoate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  w 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  vr Mucate:  + Phenylacetate:  d(+) Phenylpropionate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  + Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  d(+) β-Galactosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg PyrrolidAA:  d DNAse:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER KOBEI
  • Hoffmann2005a - Reassignment of Enterobacter dissolvens to Enterobacter cloacae as E. cloacae subspecies dissolvens comb. nov. and emended description of Enterobacter asburiae and Enterobacter kobei.
  • Kosako1996 - Enterobacter kobei sp. nov., a new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae resembling Enterobacter cloacae.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROBACTER KOBEI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROBACTER KOBEI
  • Bilen2018e - Description of the human gut microbiota by culturomics
    • Added: January 06, 2022