Enterocloster aldenensis

(aka Clostridium aldenense)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterocloster aldenensis, (aka Clostridium aldenense), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Enterocloster aldenensis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Warren2006; Rainey2011gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Warren2006); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; xylose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Warren2006); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ±
  • ONPG test:
  • active for a few strains
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2014); (Tyrrell2012); (Warren2006);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Enterocloster Alt. name:  Clostridium aldenense Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources and human faeces
    		Aesculin:  vr Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  vr Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  vr Aesculin:  neg Starch:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  vr
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    α-Arab:  vr Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  neg PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg AlkalineP:  vr
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–>8)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5-0.5)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125-4)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5), MIC90: S(0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–4)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    fidaxomicin:  R(64)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2–>8)
    levofloxacin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (16->16)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (8-16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.125)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1.0)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCLOSTER ALDENENSIS
  • Haas2020 - Reclassification of the Clostridium clostridioforme and Clostridium sphenoides clades as Enterocloster gen. nov. and Lacrimispora gen. nov., including reclassification of 15 taxa.
  • Finegold2010 - Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children
  • Giongo2011 - Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Luna2016 - Distinct Microbiome-Neuroimmune Signatures Correlate With Functional Abdominal Pain in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Warren2006 - Clostridium aldenense sp. nov. and Clostridium citroniae sp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Infections.
  • Rainey2011gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIVa
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCLOSTER ALDENENSIS
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCLOSTER ALDENENSIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021