Enterocloster citroniae

(aka Clostridium citroniae)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterocloster citroniae, (aka Clostridium citroniae), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 15 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Enterocloster citroniae is a common gut coloniser. (Warren2006; Rainey2011gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (peritoneal fluid - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Warren2006); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • milk;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; rhamnose; xylose; maltose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Warren2006); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2014); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Warren2006);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Enterocloster Alt. name:  Clostridium citroniae Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (peritoneal fluid - CCUG)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  + Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  vr Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  vr Aesculin:  neg Starch:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  neg PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–>8)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5), MIC90: S(0.5, RNG: (0.125-1)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5), MIC90: S(0.5, RNG: (0.15-1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5–64)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5), MIC90: S(0.5, RNG: (0.5-1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–4)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–4)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4, RNG: (4-8)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >128, RNG: (16–>128)
    fidaxomicin:  R(64)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2–>8)
    levofloxacin:  R(MIC50): >16), MIC90: R(>16, RNG: (>16->16)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 8), MIC90: Var(8, RNG: (8-8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1.0)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2), MIC90: S(2, RNG: (2-4)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCLOSTER CITRONIAE
  • Haas2020 - Reclassification of the Clostridium clostridioforme and Clostridium sphenoides clades as Enterocloster gen. nov. and Lacrimispora gen. nov., including reclassification of 15 taxa.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • MayaLucas2019 - The gut microbiome of Mexican children affected by obesity
  • Tan2018 - The Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbiota signature in psoriasis
  • Ventura2019 - Gut microbiome of treatment-naïve MS patients of different ethnicities early in disease course
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Laue2020 - Prospective associations of the infant gut microbiome and microbial function with social behaviors related to autism at age 3 years
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Warren2006 - Clostridium aldenense sp. nov. and Clostridium citroniae sp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Infections.
  • Rainey2011gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIVa
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCLOSTER CITRONIAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCLOSTER CITRONIAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021