Enterococcus asini

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus asini is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39.4%. Enterococcus asini is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Vaux1998; Svec2011Bergey; Rossi2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and donkey caecal contents. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vaux1998); (Svec2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 4(d)%; doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 40% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 10(d); grows at 40℃; strain-variable at 45(d);
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; trehalose; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • starch; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • hippurate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Vaux1998); (Svec2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); lactate (major); ethanol;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and donkey caecal contents
    DNA G+C(%):  39.4
    Low T(℃):  10(d)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(d)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  40(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  w Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg L-Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  d Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Hippurate:  + Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  minor(+) Lactate:  Major(+) Ethanol:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS ASINI
  • Vaux1998 - Enterococcus asini sp. nov. isolated from the caecum of donkeys (Equus asinus).
  • Svec2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus I. Enterococcus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS ASINI
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS ASINI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021