Enterococcus cecorum

(aka Streptococcus cecorum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus cecorum, (aka Streptococcus cecorum), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37-38%. Enterococcus cecorum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Dolka2016; Svec2011Bergey; Rossi2016; Devriese1983)



  • This organism has been recovered from animal and clinical sources (blood), water and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Dolka2016); (Svec2011Bergey); (Devriese1983);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • grows weakly at pH 9.6;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 40℃; strain-variable at 45(d);
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; ribose; D-tagatose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; trehalose; glycerol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; β-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arbutin; cellubiose; dextrin; fructose; galactose; gentiobiose; glucose; maltose; maltotriose; mannose; melibiose; raffinose; salicin; sucrose; trehalose; pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • hippurate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; α-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dolka2016); (Svec2011Bergey); (Devriese1983);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Dolka2016); (Devriese1983);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; nitrofurantoin;
  • sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;
  • clindamycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus cecorum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  animal and clinical sources (blood), water and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  37-38
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    pH >8:  9.6(w)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg L-Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  vr Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  vr Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Amygdalin:  neg Arbutin:  + Dextrin:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  + Hippurate:  d Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  d β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  vr β-Mannosidase:  vr ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  d(+)
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(20; disc)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    penicillin_G:  SensRNG: (<0.12-2)
    gentamicin:  S(120; disc)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.122->16)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12->16)
    linezolid:  S(30; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >16
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.06/2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  R(30; disc)
    tetracycline:  R(30; disc, vr)
    teicoplanin:  R(30; disc)
    vancomycin:  S(30; disc)
    bacitracin:  RNG: (<0.12-32)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    nitrofurantoin:  S(300; disc)
    sulfamethoxazole:  R(>256)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.122->16)
    lincomycin:  RNG: (<0.12-128)
    monensin:  RNG: (<1-128)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS CECORUM
  • Dolka2016 - Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Enterococcus cecorum strains associated with infections in poultry.
  • Svec2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus I. Enterococcus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Devriese1983 - Streptococcus cecorum, a New Species Isolated from Chickens.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS CECORUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS CECORUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021