Enterococcus durans

(aka Streptococcus durans)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus durans, (aka Streptococcus durans), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 15 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38-40%. Enterococcus durans is a common gut coloniser. (Collins1984; Svec2011Bergey; Rossi2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from human clinical sources (infection, blood), veterinary clinical materials, food, the environment, and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins1984); (Svec2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; amygdalin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; gluconate; 2-ketogluconate; β-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • melibiose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • hippurate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; lipase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Collins1984); (Svec2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha, beta (variable)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2000); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin G;
  • ertapenem; imipenem; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; moxifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid; telithromycin;
  • clindamycin;

  • Alston, J. M. (1928). An investigation of streptococci isolated from the alimentary tract of man and certain animals. Journal of Bacteriology, 16(6), 397–407.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus durans Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human clinical sources (infection, blood), veterinary clinical materials, food, the environment, and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38-40
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  vr Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg L-Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d(+) Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  vr Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  d(+) 2-Ketogluconate:  d(+) 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Hippurate:  d Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  vr ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  vr GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  vr Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.12->32)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >16, RNG: (1 ->16)
    penicillin:  R(MIC50): >4, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.5->8)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5–64)
    ertapenem:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.5->16)
    imipenem:  R(MIC50): >4, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.03->16)
    cefotetan:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (4–>128)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >128, RNG: (2–>128)
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): >500, MIC90: >1000, RNG: (≤500->1000)
    streptomycin:  R(MIC50): >1000, MIC90: >2000, RNG: (≤1000->2000)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >4, RNG: (≤0.12->4)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-4)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.015-4)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.06/2)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1–8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–32)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.016-2)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.25->16)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS
  • Collins1984 - Enterococcus avium nom. rev., comb. nov.: E. casseliflavus nom. rev., comb. nov.: E. durans nom. rev., comb. nov.: E. gallinarum comb. nov.: and E. malodoratus sp. nov.
  • Svec2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus I. Enterococcus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Gryp2020 - Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
  • Zhang2019 - Relationship between intestinal microbial dysbiosis and primary liver cancer
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Watanabe1981 - Studies on streptococci. I. Distribution of fecal streptococci in man.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021