Enterococcus lactis

(aka Enterococcus xinjiangensis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus lactis, (aka Enterococcus xinjiangensis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 44.5%. Enterococcus lactis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Morandi2012; Ren2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from raw milk cheese from Italy and yogurt from China. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Morandi2012); (Ren2016);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 9.6; Grows optimally at pH 7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; trehalose; mannitol; arbutin; methyl mannoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha > gamma
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Morandi2012);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Alt. name:  Enterococcus xinjiangensis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  raw milk cheese from Italy and yogurt from China
    DNA G+C(%):  44.5
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.5
    pH >8:  9.6(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  + Hippurate:  neg Milk:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  w Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  + Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS LACTIS
  • Morandi2012 - Enterococcus lactis sp. nov., from Italian raw milk cheeses.
  • Li2021a - Proposal of Enterococcus xinjiangensis Ren et al. 2020 as a later heterotypic synonym of Enterococcus lactis Morandi et al. 2012.
  • Ren2016 - Enterococcus Xinjiangensis sp. nov., Isolated from Yogurt of Xinjiang, China.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS LACTIS
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
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    • Added: January 19, 2022