Enterococcus raffinosus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus raffinosus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39-40%. Enterococcus raffinosus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Collins1989a; Svec2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, wound - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins1989a); (Svec2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 10℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; sorbose; D-tagatose; lactose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-arabitol; L-arabitol; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • starch; adonitol; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Collins1989a); (Svec2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Bilen2018e) and clinical sources (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, wound - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  39-40
    Low T(℃):  10(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  + Lactose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  d Adonitol:  d D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  + Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  d NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.12-16), MIC90: Var(0.12-16
    minocycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.06-32), MIC90: Var(0.06-32
    tigecycline:  SensRNG: (<0.015-2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS RAFFINOSUS
  • Collins1989a - Enterococcus raffinosus sp. nov., Enterococcus solitarius sp. nov. and Enterococcus pseudoavium sp. nov.
  • Svec2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus I. Enterococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS RAFFINOSUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Favier2002 - Molecular monitoring of succession of bacterial communities in human neonates.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS RAFFINOSUS
  • Bilen2018e - Description of the human gut microbiota by culturomics
    • Added: January 06, 2022