Enterococcus saccharolyticus

(aka Streptococcus saccharolyticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus saccharolyticus, (aka Streptococcus saccharolyticus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37.6-38.3%. Enterococcus saccharolyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Chen2013; Svec2011Bergey; Terekhov2018; Rossi2016; Farrow1984)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. Isolated from cows and straw bedding. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Chen2013); (Svec2011Bergey); (Farrow1984);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 4% salt; grows weakly in 6.5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 4;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 45, 50(neg)℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; L-sorbose; amygdalin; aesculin; inulin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; D-arabitol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; 2-ketogluconate; α-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • sorbose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; chymotrypsin; cystine arylamidase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase; Val arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Svec2011Bergey); (Farrow1984);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; azlocillin; bacampicillin; benzylpenicillin; cloxacillin; dicloxacillin; meropenem; oxacillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • aztreonam; imipenem;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefdinir; cefepime; cefixime; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; cefuroxime; cephalothin; moxalactam;
  • cefaclor; cefadroxil; cefotiam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; josamycin; roxithromycin; spiramycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • chlortetracycline; doxycycline; meclocycline; methacycline; minocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; sarafloxacin;
  • clavulanic-acid; enoxacin; nalidixic-acid; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; pefloxacin; pipemidic-acid; sparfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;
  • amikacin; dihydrostreptomycin; gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifapentine;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid; metronidazole;
  • isoniazid; nitrofurantoin; sulfadiazine; sulfadimethoxine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfanilamide; trimethoprim;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; lincomycin; linezolid;
  • colistin;

  • Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B., & Raoult, D. (2013). Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(11), 1471–1481.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus saccharolyticus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces. Isolated from cows and straw bedding
    DNA G+C(%):  37.6-38.3
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+), 50(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(w)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  curdle
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  d(neg) L-Sorbose:  d(+) D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Hippurate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    azlocillin:  Sens
    aztreonam:  Res
    bacampicillin:  Sens
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    cloxacillin:  Sens
    dicloxacillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  Res
    meropenem:  Sens
    cefaclor:  Res
    cefadroxil:  Res
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefdinir:  Sens
    cefepime:  Sens
    cefixime:  Sens
    cefmetazole:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cefotetan:  Sens
    cefotiam:  Res
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    moxalactam:  Sens
    amikacin:  Res
    dihydrostrept:  Res
    gentamicin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    sisomicin:  Res
    spectinomycin:  Res
    streptomycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Sens
    azithromycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    clarithromycin:  Sens
    roxithromycin:  Sens
    spiramycin:  Sens
    josamycin:  Sens
    linezolid:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    clavulanate:  Res
    clinafloxacin:  Sens
    enoxacin:  Res
    gatifloxacin:  Sens
    moxifloxacin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    norfloxacin:  Res
    ofloxacin:  Res
    pefloxacin:  Res
    pipemidic_acid:  Res
    sarafloxacin:  Sens
    sparfloxacin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    chlortetracycline:  Sens
    meclocycline:  Sens
    methacycline:  Sens
    minocycline:  Sens
    oxytetracycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    bacitracin:  Sens
    rifabutin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    rifapentine:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    isoniazid:  Res
    metronidazole:  Sens
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    sulfadiazine:  Res
    sulfadimethoxine:  Res
    sulfamethoxazole:  Res
    sulfanilamide:  Res
    trimethoprim:  Res
    clindamycin:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Sens
    colistin:  Res
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS SACCHAROLYTICUS
  • Chen2013 - Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov., isolated from broccoli.
  • Svec2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus I. Enterococcus
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Farrow1984 - Taxonomic Studies on Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus equinus: Description of Streptococcus alactolyticus sp. nov. and Streptococcus saccharolyticus sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS SACCHAROLYTICUS
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS SACCHAROLYTICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021