Enterococcus villorum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Enterococcus villorum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 35.1-35.3%. Enterococcus villorum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Svec2011Bergey; DeGraef2003; Teixeira2001; Vancanneyt2001; Rossi2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from piglet diarrhoea. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Svec2011Bergey); (DeGraef2003); (Teixeira2001); (Vancanneyt2001);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6.5% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; trehalose; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • xylose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Gly-Trp arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Phe arylamidase; pyroGlu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Svec2011Bergey); (DeGraef2003); (Vancanneyt2001);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Vancanneyt2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Enterococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  piglet diarrhoea
    DNA G+C(%):  35.1-35.3
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  d L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  w Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + AlaPheProAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg GlyTrpAA:  + LeuAA:  + ProAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + PheAA:  + PyrogluAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    tobramycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS VILLORUM
  • Svec2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus I. Enterococcus
  • DeGraef2003 - Description of Enterococcus canis sp. nov. from dogs and reclassification of Enterococcus porcinus Teixeira et al. 2001 as a junior synonym of Enterococcus villorum Vancanneyt et al 2001.
  • Teixeira2001 - Enterococcus porcinus sp. nov. and Enterococcus ratti sp. nov., associated with enteric disorders in animals.
  • Vancanneyt2001 - Enterococcus villorum sp. nov., an enteroadherent bacterium associated with diarrhoea in piglets.
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ENTEROCOCCUS VILLORUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022