Erwinia billingiae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Erwinia billingiae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 54-55%. Erwinia billingiae is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Mergaert1999)



  • This organism has been recovered from trees, a clinical specimen (nasopharynx - CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: plant pathogen). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Can't grow at 37C, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Mergaert1999);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; doesn't grow at 37℃; Grows optimally at 28-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; gentiobiose; maltose; trehalose; D-arabitol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; gluconate; 5-ketogluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • sucrose; inositol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; L-arabinose; d_arabitol; dextrin; fructose; fucose; galactose; gluconate; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; glycogen; inositol; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melibiose; rhamnose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; ornithine; proline; serine; threonine; formate; 2-ketoglutarate; DL-lactate; propionate; quinate; saccharate; succinate; methyl-β-glucoside; glucose-1-phosphate; DL-glycerol phosphate; psicose; glutamine; L-asparagine; alaninamide; D-glucuronate; 2-hydroxybutyrate; methyl succinate; succinamate; methyl pyruvate; thymidine; inosine; D-malate; D-glucose-6-phosphate; glucuronamide; urocanic acid;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • adonitol; cellubiose; raffinose; sorbitol; leucine; aconitate; itaconate; mucate; lactulose; α-ketobutyrate; 4-hydroxybutyrate; uridine; p-hydroxyphenylacetate; N-acetylgalactosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • phenylalanine deaminase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Mergaert1999);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Erwiniaceae Genus:  Erwinia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  trees, a clinical specimen (nasopharynx - CCUG) and has been detected in human faeces (Alkhalil2017)
    DNA G+C(%):  54-55
    Opt. T:  28-30℃
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  20(d) 40(+) 60(+) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d(+) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d(neg) Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  d Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d(+) Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  d(+) Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  + Cellubiose:  d(neg) Gentiobiose:  d(+) Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Melibiose:  d(+) Raffinose:  d(neg) Sucrose:  d(+) D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  d(neg) D-Arabitol:  + Dextrin:  + Erythritol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Ala:  d(+) D-Ala:  d(+) 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Asp:  + Glu:  d(+) His:  + Leu:  d(neg) Orn:  d(+) Phe:  neg Pro:  d(+) Ser:  + Thr:  d(+) Acetate:  neg Aconitate:  cis(d) Citrate:  neg Formate:  d(+) 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg Itaconate:  d(neg) DL-Lactate:  d(+) Malonate:  neg Mucate:  d(neg) Propionate:  d(+) Quinate:  d(+) Saccharate:  + Sebacate:  neg Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  d TrpAA:  neg DNAse:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ERWINIA BILLINGIAE
  • Mergaert1999 - Reclassification of non-pigmented Erwinia herbicola strains from trees as Erwinia billingiae sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ERWINIA BILLINGIAE
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ERWINIA BILLINGIAE
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: January 04, 2022