Eubacterium barkeri

(aka Clostridium barkeri)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Eubacterium barkeri, (aka Clostridium barkeri), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45%. Eubacterium barkeri is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Wade2011aBergeys; Stadtman1972)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and river sediment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Wade2011aBergeys); (Stadtman1972);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 8.5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 25℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; ribose; pyruvate; mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate; nicotinate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Wade2011aBergeys); (Stadtman1972);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); butyrate; lactate; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; ammonia; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Wade2011aBergeys); (Stadtman1972);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; oleandomycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • dihydrostreptomycin; kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin;
  • polymyxin B;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Eubacteriaceae Genus:  Eubacterium Alt. name:  Clostridium barkeri Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and river sediment
    DNA G+C(%):  45
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(w)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    pH >8:  8.5(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Ammonia:  neg H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    penicillin:  Sens
    dihydrostrept:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    erythromycin:  Sens
    oleandomycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    bacitracin:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Sens
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EUBACTERIUM BARKERI
  • Schwiertz2000 - Quantification of Different Eubacterium spp. in Human Fecal Samples with Species-Specific 16S rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes.
  • Wade2011aBergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus I. Eubacterium
  • Stadtman1972 - Clostridium barkeri sp. n.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EUBACTERIUM BARKERI
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR EUBACTERIUM BARKERI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021